01. Data about the language
Language group
Indo-European / Slavic
Area
During the first two decades of the century and during the years of the civil war (ended in 1949), a substantial proportion of Slav speakers left their homes to settle down in what is today Bulgaria and the Former Yugoslavian Republic of Macedonia (FYROM). Most of the areas which were then populated by Slav speakers kept Slav speaking groups, namely from the prefecture of Drama to the prefecture of Kastoria. The language is more dynamic in the prefectures of Florina and Pella.
This is the language of the Slavic tribes which settled during the Vith and VIIth century AD on the territories known as Macedonia. After the Balkan war against Ottoman domination, Macedonia was split between Greece, Bulgaria and former Yugoslavia (Clauses of the Bucharest Treaty of 1913). These new borders led to massive migrations: some 100 000 Slavic people left the part of Macedonia that was given to Greece for the North. In the meantime, Greek people from Bulgaria and other countries moved in Greece. Nevertheless, a relevant number of Slavic people decided to stay, and there is nowadays a Slavic minority in Greece. Macedonian was standardized in Yugoslavia since 1944. Linguistically, Macedonian comes from the antique liturgics Slavonic language (existing since at least the Xth century). This make it a close relative to Bulgarian, but with more archaic traits.
02. Linguistic description
Macedonian is a South Slavic language that long coexisted in the Balkans with unrelated languages1. It tends to lose its case endings, which are replaced by prepositions1. In the western dialects, the definite article, placed after the noun, takes three forms: čovekot, čovekov, čovekon ('the man')1. This system distinguishes a neutral, a proximal and a distal article, which links it to unrelated languages such as Wolof2.
Sources
The 2003 CD had no description of this language: this text was written for the site from the sources below.
- M. Markovikj, « Macedonian language tendencies in Balkan context », Université Saints-Cyrille-et-Méthode de Skopje / Slavic Research Center, Hokkaido University.
- M. Wahlström, D. Killian, « The Macedonian and Balkan Slavic three-part article and the typology of deictic articles », Journal of Contemporary Philology, University of Helsinki / Université Saints-Cyrille-et-Méthode de Skopje, 2025.
03. Cartoon
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